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Understanding Plant and Equipment Depreciation in Australia

Published 26 June 2026 · Last updated 26 June 2026

Quick Answer

Plant and equipment depreciation allows property investors to claim tax deductions for the decline in value of assets like appliances and fittings. Under Division 40 of the ITAA 1997, these assets have specific effective lives and rates. Post-2017, restrictions apply to second-hand residential properties. Consult a Chartered Quantity Surveyor for precise calculations.

Plant and equipment depreciation is a crucial aspect of property investment in Australia, allowing investors to claim deductions on the decline in value of specific assets within a property. These assets, often referred to as 'plant and equipment', include items like air conditioning units, carpets, and kitchen appliances. Understanding how this works can significantly impact your investment's profitability.

How Plant and Equipment Depreciation Works

Under Division 40 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, plant and equipment assets within a property can be depreciated over their effective life. This means investors can claim a tax deduction each year for the wear and tear on these assets. The effective life of an asset is determined by the ATO and varies depending on the type of asset. For example, carpet typically has an effective life of around 8 years, while an air conditioning unit might range from 10 to 15 years.

One of the biggest misconceptions is that all property investors can claim these deductions. However, significant changes were introduced in the 2017 Federal Budget. As of 9 May 2017, investors who purchase second-hand residential properties can no longer claim depreciation on previously used plant and equipment. This rule aims to prevent double-dipping, where both the previous and current owners claim depreciation on the same asset.

How This Works in Practice

Consider a scenario where you purchase a new 2-bedroom apartment in Sydney for $800,000. The apartment comes with brand new plant and equipment valued at $50,000, including appliances and fittings. Assuming an average effective life of 10 years for these assets, you can claim $5,000 annually in depreciation.

If you're in the 37% tax bracket, this deduction translates to a tax saving of $1,850 each year. Over a decade, this amounts to a total tax saving of $18,500, significantly enhancing your overall return on investment.

Professional Insight

In our experience, many investors overlook the impact of plant and equipment depreciation on their cash flow. One thing we frequently see is investors underestimating the value of their assets, leading to smaller deductions than they're entitled to. What most investors don't realise is that engaging a Chartered Quantity Surveyor to prepare a tax depreciation schedule can uncover thousands of dollars in potential deductions.

Another common scenario involves investors assuming they can't claim any depreciation on older properties. However, if you've added new assets or renovated, these can be depreciated. It's about knowing what qualifies and ensuring nothing is missed in your claim.

When Does the Answer Change?

  • Post-9 May 2017 Purchases: If you bought a second-hand residential property after this date, you can't claim depreciation on existing plant and equipment.
  • Commercial Properties: These are not affected by the 2017 changes, and depreciation can still be claimed on second-hand assets.
  • Pre-1987 Buildings: While Division 43 deductions might not apply, plant and equipment can still be depreciated if they meet the criteria.
  • Joint Ownership: Depreciation claims must be split according to ownership percentage.
  • When Should You Seek Professional Advice?

    Depreciation calculations can be complex, especially with the nuances of effective lives and legislative changes. It's advisable to consult with a Chartered Quantity Surveyor for an accurate depreciation schedule. Additionally, your accountant can integrate these deductions into your overall tax strategy. Every property is unique, so personalised advice ensures you maximise your benefits.

    What to Do Next

  • Engage a Chartered Quantity Surveyor to assess your property and prepare a tax depreciation schedule.
  • Review your existing assets to ensure you're claiming all eligible plant and equipment deductions.
  • Consult with your accountant to incorporate your depreciation schedule into your tax returns.
  • Stay informed about any legislative changes that could impact your claims.
  • Consider future property purchases with depreciation benefits in mind, especially new builds.
  • Re-assess your assets after any renovations or new purchases to update your depreciation schedule.
  • Frequently Asked Questions

    Can I claim depreciation on a second-hand property?

    If purchased after 9 May 2017, you cannot claim depreciation on existing plant and equipment in residential properties. However, new assets added can be claimed.

    How does plant and equipment depreciation affect my tax return?

    Depreciation reduces your taxable income, lowering the amount of tax you need to pay. Ensure these deductions are included in your annual tax return.

    What is the difference between plant and equipment and capital works?

    Plant and equipment refer to removable assets like appliances, while capital works refer to the building structure. Each has different depreciation rules under Division 40 and Division 43.

    Are there state-specific rules for depreciation?

    Depreciation rules are federally governed, so they apply uniformly across all Australian states and territories.

    What happens if I renovate my property?

    Newly added plant and equipment after renovations can be depreciated. Update your depreciation schedule to reflect these changes.

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    Written by Koste Team · Koste Chartered Quantity Surveyors · AIQS Member · RICS Member · TPB Registered · 1300 669 400 · info@koste.ai