Koste Chartered Quantity Surveyors 1300 669 400  |  info@koste.ai

Owning Property · Koste Knowledge Base

Understanding Tax Depreciation and Its Impact on Investments

Published 26 June 2026 · Last updated 26 June 2026

Quick Answer

Tax depreciation allows investors to deduct the decline in value of assets used to generate income, reducing taxable income. Under Division 40 and Division 43 of the ITAA 1997, you can claim depreciation on plant and equipment and capital works. This tax benefit can significantly improve cash flow for property investors.

Tax depreciation is a crucial tool for property investors in Australia, allowing you to claim deductions for the decline in value of your investment property's assets. By understanding and utilising tax depreciation, you can significantly enhance your investment returns by reducing your taxable income.

How Tax Depreciation Works

Tax depreciation involves two main components under the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997: Division 40 and Division 43. Division 40 covers plant and equipment, which includes removable assets like air conditioners, carpets, and appliances. Division 43 pertains to capital works, which involves the building structure and fixed items such as walls, doors, and plumbing.

The most common misconception is that all property expenses are immediately deductible. However, depreciation spreads the deduction over the effective life of an asset. For example, a hot water system might have an effective life of 12 years. Post-2017 budget changes, investors purchasing second-hand residential properties can only claim Division 40 on new assets, while Division 43 remains claimable regardless of the property's purchase date.

How This Works in Practice

Consider a 2015-built 3-bedroom house in South Melbourne, purchased for $850,000. The property includes $40,000 worth of plant and equipment and $200,000 in capital works. Using a depreciation schedule, you might claim $5,000 in Division 40 deductions and $5,500 in Division 43 deductions in the first year. Assuming a 37% marginal tax rate, this results in a tax saving of $3,850 in the first year.

Professional Insight

In our experience, investors often overlook the potential of tax depreciation. One thing we frequently see is investors failing to update their depreciation schedule after renovations, missing out on substantial deductions. Another common issue is not claiming depreciation on properties that have been held for several years, assuming it's too late. In reality, you can amend previous tax returns to include missed deductions. Additionally, investors often mistakenly believe that depreciation isn't applicable to older properties, but Division 43 can still be claimed on renovations completed after 1987.

When Does the Answer Change?

  • Post-9 May 2017 Acquisitions: For second-hand properties purchased after this date, Division 40 deductions are restricted to new assets only.
  • Pre-1987 Buildings: You generally cannot claim Division 43 on original construction; however, renovations post-1987 may qualify.
  • Properties Held in an SMSF: Different tax rules may apply, affecting how depreciation is claimed.
  • Partial Year Purchase: Deductions need to be prorated based on the ownership period within the tax year.
  • When Should You Seek Professional Advice?

    Depreciation can be complex, with rules varying based on property type, acquisition date, and ownership structure. Engaging a Chartered Quantity Surveyor is essential for an accurate depreciation schedule, while an accountant ensures correct application in your tax return. This collaboration maximises your deductions and compliance with ATO regulations.

    What to Do Next

  • Engage a Chartered Quantity Surveyor to prepare a depreciation schedule for your property.
  • Review Past Tax Returns to identify any missed depreciation deductions.
  • Consult Your Accountant to understand how depreciation impacts your tax situation.
  • Update Your Schedule after any renovations or new asset purchases.
  • Stay Informed about changes in tax legislation that may affect your depreciation claims.
  • Consider Future Purchases with depreciation potential in mind to enhance investment returns.
  • Frequently Asked Questions

    Can I claim depreciation on my primary residence?

    No, depreciation is only claimable on income-producing properties, not your primary residence.

    How does depreciation affect my tax return?

    Depreciation reduces your taxable income, thus lowering your tax liability. It must be reported in your tax return as a deduction.

    Are there any state-specific depreciation rules?

    While tax depreciation is federally governed, state-specific incentives or rebates may apply. Check with local authorities or your accountant.

    What happens if I sell my property?

    Upon sale, depreciation claimed may affect your CGT liability as it reduces the property's cost base, potentially increasing capital gains.

    Do I need a new depreciation schedule if I renovate?

    Yes, renovations alter the asset value and effective life, requiring an updated schedule to maximise your deductions.

    Related Articles

    Read Full Article Free Calculator
    tax depreciationDivision 40Division 43property investmentATO compliancetax deductionsinvestment property

    Written by Koste Team · Koste Chartered Quantity Surveyors · AIQS Member · RICS Member · TPB Registered · 1300 669 400 · info@koste.ai